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  • Krešimir Purgar received a BA degree in Art History and Italian Studies and a PhD in Kunstwissenschaft. He is associa... moreedit
The proliferation of digital technology has changed our visual perception and the way we interpret terms such as 'representation', 'immersion', and 'virtuality'. Krešimir Purgar examines some of the topics fundamental to an understanding... more
The proliferation of digital technology has changed our visual perception and the way we interpret terms such as 'representation', 'immersion', and 'virtuality'. Krešimir Purgar examines some of the topics fundamental to an understanding of the contemporary culture of images. The principal thesis of this volume is that we are witnessing the transitional period of images as not-representation-anymore and not-yet-immersion. Instead of just asking what images mean, we should ask ourselves what images are, how they appear, and what they do to us. The author proposes the comprehensive concept of "pictorial appearing" that takes into account phenomenological, semiotic, and art-historical perspectives on both old and new images.
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W.J.T. Mitchell—one of the founders of visual studies—has been at the forefront of many disciplines such as iconology, art history and media studies. His concept of the pictorial turn is known worldwide for having set new philosophical... more
W.J.T. Mitchell—one of the founders of visual studies—has been at the forefront of many disciplines such as iconology, art history and media studies. His concept of the pictorial turn is known worldwide for having set new philosophical paradigms in dealing with our vernacular visual world. This book will help both students and seasoned scholars to understand key terms in visual studies – pictorial turn, metapictures, literary iconology, image/text, biopictures or living pictures, among many others – while systematically presenting the work of Thomas Mitchell as one of the discipline's founders and most prominent figures. As a special feature, the book includes three comprehensive, authoritative and theoretically relevant interviews with Mitchell that focus on different stages of development of visual studies and critical iconology.
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To say that the pictorial turn, proclaimed by Mitchell in 1994, is actually more about animals than it is about humans would certainly be an exaggeration. However, the role that three types of animal ‒ dinosaur, calf and sheep ‒ have... more
To say that the pictorial turn, proclaimed by Mitchell in 1994, is actually more about animals than it is about humans would certainly be an exaggeration. However, the role that three types of animal ‒ dinosaur, calf and sheep ‒ have played in Mitchell’s understanding and explanation of the development of modern visual culture may prove to be extremely revealing and shed new light on how humans have made sense of images throughout history. Even so, one important clarification has to be made at the outset: the species that Mitchell continually refers to are presented and discussed theoretically in his books primarily as incarnations in images of cultural symptoms that go beyond their purely symbolic or iconic meaning. I will start by considering them more like figures of the current state of images and of our relation to them, not as theoretical terms per se. Only as their meaning gradually unfolds will it be possible to discern in them some of the (in)disciplinary logic that broadly characterizes Mitchell’s image theory. I will accordingly conclude that Mitchell is less concerned with theory that preconceptualizes its objects of inquiry and more with the knowledge that deliberately escapes being shaped into a theory in a strict sense. Using different disciplines in order to arrive at different kinds of insight, the American scholar both de-ideologizes older humanistic epistemologies and, simultaneously, creates a foundation for the general study of visual culture that is now largely known as visual studies.
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Ovaj priručnik namijenjen je prije svega studentima, podjednako onima koji slušaju teorijske i umjetničko-dizajnerske grupe predmeta, kao i svim studentima kulturalnih, izvedbenih i vizualnih studija, te humanistike općenito. Svrha knjige... more
Ovaj priručnik namijenjen je prije svega studentima, podjednako onima koji slušaju teorijske i umjetničko-dizajnerske grupe predmeta, kao i svim studentima kulturalnih, izvedbenih i vizualnih studija, te humanistike općenito. Svrha knjige je upoznavanje s najnovijim teorijskim dostignućima u području studija mode. Budući da je riječ o izrazito interdisciplinarnom području, koje se u mnogim segmentima naslanja na postojeće etablirane znanstvene paradigme, i ovaj priručnik se u velikoj mjeri poziva na uvide povijesti umjetnosti, znanosti o umjetnosti, vizualnih studija, filozofije, sociologije, semiotike, teatrologije i drugih disciplina. Za razliku od tzv. readera, koji se uglavnom posvećuju reinterpretaciji autorâ i njihovih djela u povijesnome nastanku teorija mode, ovdje je posrijedi pristup koji polazi od načina kako je sam studij Teorije i kulture mode organiziran: epistemologijski i metodologijski. U knjizi su obuhvaćene sljedeće tematske cjeline: uvod u teoriju mode • semiotika mode • sociologija i antropologija mode • ekonomija i marketing u modi • povijest mode i odijevanja • teorije novih medija i performativnosti • znanost o slici i moda • muzealizacija mode • etnologijski pristup modi • kultura i društvo spektakla • moda u kontekstu teorije filma • vizualna komunikacija mode i tijela • kostimografija • modni dizajn • suvremena umjetnost i moda
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NA OVOJ IZLOŽBI predlažemo zamjenu uloga slike i teksta i upućujemo na dvije naizgled kontradiktorne operacije: “čitanje slika” rječnikom teorije na jednoj strani i “gledanje teorije” u vizualnom kodu na drugoj strani. Uobičajeno je da... more
NA OVOJ IZLOŽBI predlažemo zamjenu uloga slike i teksta i upućujemo na dvije naizgled kontradiktorne operacije: “čitanje slika” rječnikom teorije na jednoj strani i “gledanje teorije” u vizualnom kodu na drugoj strani. Uobičajeno je da teorija i kritika reagiraju reaktivno kada govore o slikama, dok ova izložba želi pokazati da slike mogu provocirati meta-slikovne komentare o sebi samima, zatim uspostavljati teorijske koncepte, vizualizirati ih, te pretvoriti u novu vrstu alegorijskoga slikovnog diskursa kao “oslikovljene teorije”. Temeljna premisa, dakle, proizlazi iz uvjerenja da slikarstvo može posjedovati moć; podjednako moć imanentnu samoj slici kao i diskurzivnu moć, čak i onda kada se pojedini slikovni artefakti ne priklanjaju izravnim ideološkim komentarima. Ovdje predstavljeni primjeri hrvatskog slikarstva nastali od 1991. godine sve do danas pokazuju na koji način je slikarska umjetnost u stanju problematizirati svoju vlastitu ontološku poziciju (kao i prirodu
slikovnog iskustva općenito), služeći se pritom isključivo vlastitim, slikarskim medijem. Ali, da bismo bili u stanju dokazati da je tako nešto moguće, tj. da slike mogu “govoriti”, potrebno je zamjenu uloga provesti do kraja i pokazati na koji način se pojedini hermeneutički modeli – semiotika, fenomenologija ili naratologija – mogu “vidjeti” u samim slikama.
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Even though hyperrealist works are viewed principally through the superior ability of a painter or sculptor to convey the impression of reality through an artistic medium, said artistic style should be perceived by art history primarily... more
Even though hyperrealist works are viewed principally through the superior ability of a painter or sculptor to convey the impression of reality through an artistic medium, said artistic style should be perceived by art history primarily as an issue of the theory of representation.
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U tekstu se argumentira teza da će povijest umjetnosti, čak i u njezinu „reformiranom” obliku kakav su prije gotovo trideset godina predložili Mieke Bal i Norman Bryson, moći će prihvatiti izazov što ga je pred nju postavio Julije Knifer... more
U tekstu se argumentira teza da će povijest umjetnosti, čak i u njezinu „reformiranom” obliku kakav su prije gotovo trideset godina predložili Mieke Bal i Norman Bryson, moći će prihvatiti izazov što ga je pred nju postavio Julije Knifer samo ako: 1) pokuša razumjeti da je učinak umjetničkog djela vrlo često izvan dosega umjetničke spoznaje, tj. da može biti u domeni teorije reprezentacije, ideološke ili društvene kritike; 2) u evaluaciji suvremene umjetnosti zastarjelu dijakronijsku poetiku stilova i razdoblja zamijeni sinkronijskim pristupom; 3) Kniferovom radikalno ikonoklastičnom sustavu pristupi iz perspektive drugih radikalno ikonoklastičnih sustava, kao što su filozofija, psihoanalitička, književna ili glazbena teorija; 4) odustane od pogrešne premise da je ključ svakog tumačenja u dijalektičkom srazu idealnog autora i idealnog čitatelja i 5) možda najbolnije, prihvati spoznaju da za najodvažnije epistemološke dosege Kniferove apstrakcije ona kao samostalna disciplina vjerojatno nikada neće postati zaslužna.
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Ontological questions concerning images seem to be more urgent then ever. If that is the case, then it may be so either because we are still unable to provide an answer to the question “what is an image” due to a metaphysical nature of... more
Ontological questions concerning images seem to be more urgent then ever. If that is the case, then it may be so either because we are still unable to provide an answer to the question “what is an image” due to a metaphysical nature of the question, or because ontological reflection on images can only follow the changes that occur more rapidly and more substantially every day. How can we know what the image is if conditions of its production and consumption in our times follow completely different paths compared to various historical periods and their shifting image ontologies? However, there seems to exist a perennial trans-historical dispute over particular questions that pertain to people's ability to perceive and understand images. One of these questions is whether images are objects per se that should be approached using some of the existing universalist epistemologies, or is it more pertinent to come to terms with images in socially, economically and sexually biased ways offered by various poststructuralist politics of identity. In this paper I will argue that contemporary theorizing on images should take into consideration not only dramatic changes occurred in imaging technologies and by the proliferation of subjectivities, but that it should also account for dramatic changes brought about by the theory itself – visual studies and Bildwissenschaft.
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The proliferation of digital technology requires from us to think about images in a new way. We should no longer refer to them only as Greek eikon, that is, reflection or representation, but as experiences, events and special kind of... more
The proliferation of digital technology requires from us to think about images in a new way. We should no longer refer to them only as Greek eikon, that is, reflection or representation, but as experiences, events and special kind of appearing. In contemporary digital culture pictorial appearing is the symptom of the most recent turn towards images, the one that is happening after the “original” pictorial turn that was described by W. J. T. Mitchell and Gottfried Boehm almost three decades ago as the epoch-making new kind of relationship between images and language. Today we witness a different kind of urgency: the one that will exemplify the relationship between analogue images and digital images, representations and post-representations, reality and virtuality, semiotics and phenomenology. In this article I will propose a “transitional” theory of the image that takes into account the wide gap between objects and perceptions, that is, between eikon and pure sensuousness. To this end, I will introduce the four basic modalities of pictorial appearing: temporality, transparency, mediality and referentiality.
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Širenje digitalne tehnologije zahtijeva novo promišljanje slika: više im ne bismo smjeli pristupati samo kao starogrčkom eikonu, tj. odsliku ili reprezentaciji, nego i kao iskustvima, događajima i posebnoj vrsti pojava. U suvremenoj... more
Širenje digitalne tehnologije zahtijeva novo promišljanje slika: više im ne bismo smjeli pristupati samo kao starogrčkom eikonu, tj. odsliku ili reprezentaciji, nego i kao iskustvima, događajima i posebnoj vrsti pojava. U suvremenoj digitalnoj kulturi slikovno pojavljivanje je simptom najnovijega slikovnog obrata, tj. onoga koji se događa nakon pictorial turna, a koji su W. J. T. Mitchell i Gottfried Boehm prije gotovo tri desetljeća opisali kao epohalno novu vrstu odnosa slike i jezika. Danas svjedočimo drugačijoj vrsti urgencije: onoj koja će opisati odnos analognih slika i digitalnih slika, reprezentacije i postreprezentacije, realiteta i virtualnosti, semiotike i fenomenologije. U ovome tekstu dat ću prijedlog jedne »tranzicij-ske« teorije slike koja uzima u obzir široki prostor između objekata i percepcije, tj. između eikona i čiste osjetilnosti. U tu svrhu opisat ću četiri temeljna modaliteta slikovnog pojav-ljivanja: temporalnost, transparentnost, medijalnost i referencijalnost.
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This paper starts from a presumption that the concepts of iconic difference by Gottfried Boehm and immersion by Oliver Grau should be understood as two opposing ways of understanding the nature of images today. The first one aims at... more
This paper starts from a presumption that the concepts of iconic difference by Gottfried Boehm and immersion by Oliver Grau should be understood as two opposing ways of understanding the nature of images today. The first one aims at making visible all the differences that exist between image and non-image, while the other considers immersion to be the reason for making images undistinguishable from physical reality and thus shifting the discourse on images from signs to phenomena and experiences. Contemporary media images, televisuality, surveillance and manipulation with electronically produced images lead us to a completely new situation where images are not-anymore-distinguishable still not-yet- immersive. In order to explain images which are neither representations nor phenomena of virtual reality I will propose the concept of iconic simultaneity.
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Dubinske analize odnosâ tekstaislike — kako one sinkronijske koje obuhvaćajuusporediva stilska razdoblja, tako i one dijakronijske u kojima smo skloni povezati i naizgled nespojive fenomene — dat će najrelevantnije rezultate ako u... more
Dubinske analize odnosâ tekstaislike — kako one sinkronijske koje obuhvaćajuusporediva stilska razdoblja, tako i one dijakronijske u kojima smo skloni povezati i naizgled nespojive fenomene — dat će najrelevantnije rezultate ako u središte analitičkih postupaka stavimo univerzalne fenomene, tj. one za koje vjerujemo da su trajno u središtu interesa reprezentacijskih ili pripovjedačkih praksi, kao i onih koji su u stanju spomenute
prakse ispreplesti i preoblikovati. U produbljivanju ovih intermedijalnih uvida posvetit ćemo se jednome od tih univerzalnih fenomena — pojmu vidljivosti. Krenut ćemo od specificiranja problema vidljivosti u baroknom slikarstvu i zatim nastojati pokazati kako se usporedive paradigme prikazivanja mogu pronaći i kod suvremenih pokretnih slika. Ali, prije svega, mislim da smo dužni pokazati kako stavljanje pod povećalo upravo baroknog stila nije proizvoljna odluka, nego je riječ o bitnoj formalno-strukturalnoj odrednici neodvojivoj od pojma vidljivosti za koji pojam vjerujemo da ima ponavljajući karakter u povijesti umjetnosti od sedamnaaestog stoljeća do danas, te da je postao značajan teorijski problem i u mnogo širem obuhvatu suvremene znanosti o umjetnosti.
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U suradnji s Galerijom umjetnina u Splitu i u organizaciji Umjetničke akademije Split pozivamo Vas u petak 27. travnja 2018. od 11 sati u Galeriju umjetnina na predavanje Krešimira Purgara pod naslovom: FOTOGRAFIJA, FILM I ALEGORIJA... more
U suradnji s Galerijom umjetnina u Splitu i u organizaciji Umjetničke akademije Split pozivamo Vas u petak 27. travnja 2018. od 11 sati u Galeriju umjetnina na predavanje Krešimira Purgara pod naslovom: FOTOGRAFIJA, FILM I ALEGORIJA NESTAJANJA SLIKE: OD ANTONIONIJA DO VILLENEUVEA
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